Enhancing AGV and AMR Safety: Understanding ISO 3691-4:2023

Introduction

Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) and Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) are transforming industries by optimising logistics, warehousing, and manufacturing processes. However, as these systems operate alongside human workers, safety becomes a crucial concern and priority. The ISO 3691-4:2023 standard provides a comprehensive framework for ensuring the safe design, integration, and operation of these driverless vehicles. In this blog, we explore the key aspects of ISO 3691-4:2023 and its impact on AGV/AMR safety. 

Understanding ISO 3691-4:2023

ISO 3691-4:2023 is an international safety standard that outlines essential requirements for industrial automated vehicles, ensuring their safe interaction with humans and other equipment. It covers various aspects such as risk assessment, functional safety, and performance validation for AGVs and AMRs operating in shared environments. 

Key Requirements of ISO 3691-4:2023

Risk Assessment and Hazard Mitigation

• Identifies potential hazards associated with AGV/AMR operation. 

• Requires manufacturers and integrators to conduct a thorough risk assessment. 

• Focuses on mitigating collision risks, entrapment hazards, and system failures. 

Functional Safety Measures

• Defines performance levels (PL) and safety integrity levels (SIL) for AGV/AMR safety functions. 

• Ensures proper implementation of safety-rated sensors, braking systems, and obstacle detection. 

• Emphasises redundancy in critical safety functions to minimise single-point failures. 

Navigation and Environmental Awareness

• Requires AGVs/AMRs to reliably detect and respond to obstacles in dynamic environments. 

• Specifies criteria for sensor performance, including LiDAR, cameras, and ultrasonic sensors. 

• Includes provisions for emergency stop functions and safe speed adjustments. 

Human-Machine Interaction and Operator Safety

• Establishes guidelines for collaborative operation between AGVs/AMRs and human workers. 

• Recommends clear visual and auditory signalling for AGV/AMR presence and movement. 

• Defines safe operational zones and restricted access areas to prevent accidents. 

Validation and Performance Testing

• Requires rigorous testing procedures before AGVs/AMRs are deployed. 

• Ensures compliance with braking distances, acceleration limits, and emergency stop functions. 

• Includes periodic maintenance and safety audits to sustain long-term operational safety. 

Benefits of Implementing ISO 3691-4:2023

Enhanced Workplace Safety: By adhering to the standard, businesses can significantly reduce workplace accidents, ensuring AGVs and AMRs operate safely around human workers. 

Regulatory Compliance and Liability Reduction: Compliance with ISO 3691-4:2023 helps manufacturers and operators meet global safety regulations, minimising legal and financial risks. 

Improved Operational Efficiency: Safety compliance results in fewer disruptions due to accidents or breakdowns, leading to increased efficiency and productivity. 

Greater Trust in Automation: Following standardised safety protocols fosters trust among employees, making them more willing to work alongside AGVs and AMRs. 

Conclusion

ISO 3691-4:2023 is a vital standard for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of AGVs and AMRs in industrial environments. By implementing its guidelines, businesses can enhance workplace safety, achieve regulatory compliance, and optimise the performance of their automated systems. As technology evolves, continuous adherence to safety standards will be essential in fostering a seamless and secure transition toward automation. 

For businesses looking to integrate AGVs and AMRs, compliance with ISO 3691-4:2023 is not just a recommendation—it’s a necessity for a safer and more productive future.